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What is Android?

Android is an open source and Linux-based Operating System for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Android was developed by the Open Handset Alliance, led by Google, and other companies. Android offers a unified approach to application development for mobile devices which means developers need to develop only for Android, and their applications should be able to run on different devices powered by Android. The first beta version of the Android Software Development Kit (SDK) was released by Google in 2007, whereas the first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released in September 2008. On June 27, 2012, at the Google I/O conference, Google announced the next Android version, 4.1 Jelly Bean. Jelly Bean is an incremental update, with the primary aim of improving the user interface, both in terms of functionality and performance. The source code for Android is available under free and open source software licenses. Google publishes most of the code under the Apache License version 2.0 and the rest, Linux kernel changes, under the GNU General Public License version 2.

Features of Android

Android is a powerful operating system competing with Apple 4GS and support great features. Few of them are listed below: Feature Description Beautiful UI Android OS basic screen provides a beautiful and intuitive user interface. Connectivity GSM/EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LTE, NFC and WiMAX. Storage SQLite, a lightweight relational database, is used for data storage purposes

Media support H.263, H.264, MPEG-4 SP, AMR, AMR-WB, AAC, HE-AAC, AAC 5.1, MP3, MIDI, Ogg Vorbis, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF, and BMP Messaging SMS and MMS Web browser Based on the open-source WebKit layout engine, coupled with Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine supporting HTML5 and CSS3. Multi-touch Android has native support for multi-touch which was initially made available in handsets such as the HTC Hero. Multi-tasking User can jump from one task to another and same time various the application can run simultaneously. Resizable widgets Widgets are resizable, so users can expand them to show more content or shrink them to save space Multi-Language Support single direction and bi-directional text. GCM Google Cloud Messaging (GCM) is a service that lets developers send short message data to their users on Android devices, without needing a proprietary sync solution. Wi-Fi Direct A technology that let apps discover and pair directly, over a high-bandwidth peer-to-peer connection. Android Beam A popular NFC-based technology that let users instantly share, just by touching two NFC-enabled phones together.

Android Applications

Android applications are usually developed in the Java language using the Android Software Development Kit. Once developed, Android applications can be packaged easily and sold out either through a store such as Google Play or the Amazon Appstore.
Android powers hundreds of millions of mobile devices in more than 190 countries around the world. It's the largest installed base of any mobile platform and is growing fast. Every day more than 1 million new Android devices are activated worldwide. This tutorial has been written with an aim to teach you how to develop and package the Android application. We will start from environment setup for Android application programming and then drill down to look into various aspects of Android applications.

ANDROID ENVIRONMENT SETUP- 2

You will be glad to know that you can start your Android application development on either of the following operating systems:  Microsoft Windows XP or later version.  Mac OS X 10.5.8 or later version with Intel chip.  Linux including GNU C Library 2.7 or later. The second point is that all the required tools to develop Android applications are freely available and can be downloaded from the Web. Following is the list of software's you will need before you start your Android application programming.  Java JDK5 or JDK6  Android SDK  Eclipse IDE for Java Developers (optional)  Android Development Tools (ADT) Eclipse Plugin (optional) Here last two components are optional and if you are working on Windows machine then these components make your life easy while doing Java-based application development. So let us have a look at how to proceed to set the required environment. Step 1 -Setup Java Development Kit (JDK) You can download the latest version of Java JDK from Oracle's Java site: Java SE Downloads. You will find instructions for installing JDK in downloaded files, follow the given instructions to install and configure the setup. Finally, set PATH and JAVA_HOME environment variables to refer to the directory that contains java and javac, typically java_install_dir/bin and java_install_dir respectively. If you are running Windows and have installed the JDK in C:\jdk1.6.0_15, you would have to put the following line in your C:\autoexec.bat file.

set PATH=C:\jdk1.6.0_15\bin;%PATH% set JAVA_HOME=C:\jdk1.6.0_15 Alternatively, you could also right-click on My Computer, select Properties, then Advanced, then Environment Variables. Then, you would update the PATH value and press the OK button.

On Linux, if the SDK is installed in /usr/local/jdk1.6.0_15 and you use the C shell, you would put the following code into your .cshrc file. setenv PATH /usr/local/jdk1.6.0_15/bin:$PATH setenv JAVA_HOME /usr/local/jdk1.6.0_15 Alternatively, if you use an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) Eclipse, then it will know automatically where you have installed your Java.

Step 2 -Setup Android SDK

You can download the latest version of Android SDK from Android’s official website: http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html. If you are installing SDK on Windows machine, then you will find ainstaller_rXX-windows.exe, so just download and run this home which will launch Android SDK Tool Setup wizard to guide you throughout the installation, so just follow the instructions carefully. Finally, you will have Android SDK Tools installed on your machine. If you are installing SDK either on Mac OS or Linux, check the instructions provided along with the downloaded android-sdk_rXX-macosx.zip file for Mac OS and android-sdk_rXXlinux.tgz file for Linux. This tutorial will consider that you are going to set up your environment on a Windows machine having Windows 7 operating system. So let's launch Android SDK Manager using the option All Programs > Android SDK Tools > SDK Manager, this will give you the following window:

Once you launched the SDK manager, it is time to install other required packages. By default, it will list down a total of 7 packages to be installed, but we will suggest to de-select Documentation for Android SDK and Samples for SDK packages to reduce installation time. Next click the Install 7 Packages button to proceed, which will display the following dialogue box:
Once you launched the SDK manager, it is time to install other required packages. By default, it will list down total of 7 packages to be installed, but we will suggest to de-select Documentation for Android SDK and Samples for SDK packages to reduce installation time. Next click the Install 7 Packages button to proceed, which will display the following dialogue box: